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    "# Lesson 05: Loops and Conditionals Challenge\n",
    "\n",
    "In this activity, you'll solve four problems that build on what you've learned about conditional statements and loops in Lesson 05. These problems will require you to **think creatively**, **combine concepts**, and **explore** different approaches to solving problems with loops and conditionals.\n",
    "\n",
    "## Instructions:\n",
    "- Each problem has a clear objective\n",
    "- You may need to research, experiment, or combine multiple concepts\n",
    "- Test your solutions in the code cells provided\n",
    "- There are multiple ways to solve each problem - be creative!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c0839fd4",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "## Problem 1: The Password Validator\n",
    "\n",
    "**Objective:** Create a password validation system that checks if a password meets certain criteria.\n",
    "\n",
    "**Your Task:**\n",
    "Write a function called `validate_password(password)` that checks if a password is valid based on these rules:\n",
    "- At least 8 characters long\n",
    "- Contains at least one uppercase letter\n",
    "- Contains at least one lowercase letter\n",
    "- Contains at least one digit (0-9)\n",
    "\n",
    "The function should:\n",
    "- Return `True` if the password meets all criteria\n",
    "- Return `False` if it doesn't\n",
    "- Print specific messages explaining which criteria are not met\n",
    "\n",
    "**Test Cases:**\n",
    "- `validate_password(\"Pass123\")` → False (too short)\n",
    "- `validate_password(\"password123\")` → False (no uppercase)\n",
    "- `validate_password(\"PASSWORD123\")` → False (no lowercase)\n",
    "- `validate_password(\"Password\")` → False (no digit)\n",
    "- `validate_password(\"Password123\")` → True (all criteria met)\n",
    "\n",
    "**Hints:**\n",
    "- See the Python documentation page on [string methods](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#string-methods)\n",
    "- Use string methods like `.isupper()`, `.islower()`, `.isdigit()`\n",
    "- You'll need to loop through the password characters\n",
    "- Use conditional statements to check each requirement"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "f0896a9f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Problem 1: Your solution here\n",
    "\n",
    "def validate_password(password):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Validates a password based on specific criteria.\n",
    "    \n",
    "    Args:\n",
    "        password (str): The password to validate\n",
    "    \n",
    "    Returns:\n",
    "        bool: True if valid, False otherwise\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "\n",
    "    # Write your code here (remove pass statement)\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Test cases\n",
    "print(\"Test 1:\", validate_password(\"Pass123\"))\n",
    "print(\"\\nTest 2:\", validate_password(\"password123\"))\n",
    "print(\"\\nTest 3:\", validate_password(\"PASSWORD123\"))\n",
    "print(\"\\nTest 4:\", validate_password(\"Password\"))\n",
    "print(\"\\nTest 5:\", validate_password(\"Password123\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "7e5027de",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "## Problem 2: The Number Pattern Printer\n",
    "\n",
    "**Objective:** Create patterns using nested loops.\n",
    "\n",
    "**Your Task:**\n",
    "Write a function called `print_pattern(n)` that prints the pattern below with n rows.\n",
    "\n",
    "The function should support three pattern types:\n",
    "\n",
    "**Pattern: \"triangle\"**\n",
    "```\n",
    "1\n",
    "1 2\n",
    "1 2 3\n",
    "1 2 3 4\n",
    "1 2 3 4 5\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "**Hints:**\n",
    "- Use nested loops (one for rows, one for columns)\n",
    "- Take a look at Python's `range()` function"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "fa826b52",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Problem 2: Your solution here\n",
    "\n",
    "def print_pattern(n):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Prints number pattern with n rows.\n",
    "    \n",
    "    Args:\n",
    "        n (int): The size of the pattern\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "\n",
    "    # Write your code here (remove pass statement)\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "\n",
    "# Test the pattern\n",
    "print(\"\\nTriangle with 3 rows:\")\n",
    "print_pattern(3)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"\\nTriangle with 4 rows:\")\n",
    "print_pattern(4)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"\\nTriangle with 5 rows:\")\n",
    "print_pattern(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "34e25af5",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "## Problem 3: The Prime Number Finder\n",
    "\n",
    "**Objective:** Find all prime numbers in a given range using loops and conditionals.\n",
    "\n",
    "**Background:**\n",
    "A prime number is a number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. For example, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 are prime numbers.\n",
    "\n",
    "**Your Task:**\n",
    "Write a function called `find_primes(start, end)` that:\n",
    "- Finds all prime numbers between `start` and `end` (inclusive)\n",
    "- Returns a list of all prime numbers found\n",
    "- Prints the total count of primes found\n",
    "\n",
    "**Test Cases:**\n",
    "- `find_primes(1, 20)` → [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19]\n",
    "- `find_primes(10, 30)` → [11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29]\n",
    "- `find_primes(50, 60)` → [53, 59]\n",
    "\n",
    "**Hints:**\n",
    "- A number is prime if it's not divisible by any number from 2 to (number - 1)\n",
    "- Use nested loops: outer loop for each number, inner loop to check divisibility\n",
    "- Use the modulo operator `%` to check divisibility\n",
    "- Consider using a `break` statement for efficiency"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "1f8e4c22",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Problem 3: Your solution here\n",
    "\n",
    "def find_primes(start, end):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Finds all prime numbers in a given range.\n",
    "    \n",
    "    Args:\n",
    "        start (int): Start of the range\n",
    "        end (int): End of the range (inclusive)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    Returns:\n",
    "        list: List of prime numbers in the range\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    # Write your code here\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "\n",
    "# Test cases\n",
    "print(\"Primes from 1 to 20:\")\n",
    "result1 = find_primes(1, 20)\n",
    "print(result1)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"\\nPrimes from 10 to 30:\")\n",
    "result2 = find_primes(10, 30)\n",
    "print(result2)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"\\nPrimes from 50 to 60:\")\n",
    "result3 = find_primes(50, 60)\n",
    "print(result3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "947a421a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "## Problem 4: Fixing Buggy Loops and Conditionals\n",
    "\n",
    "**Objective:** Debug and fix code snippets that contain common loop and conditional errors.\n",
    "\n",
    "**Your Task:**\n",
    "Below are three code snippets that contain bugs. For each one:\n",
    "1. Identify the error\n",
    "2. Fix the code\n",
    "3. Test that it works correctly\n",
    "4. Add a comment explaining what was wrong\n",
    "\n",
    "Run each fixed snippet to verify it works!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "513ba425",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Bug 1: The Infinite Loop\n",
    "\n",
    "This code is supposed to print numbers from 1 to 5.\n",
    "\n",
    "**Expected Output:** \n",
    "```\n",
    "1\n",
    "2\n",
    "3\n",
    "4\n",
    "5\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "4656b1c9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Bug 1: Fix the code below\n",
    "\n",
    "counter = 1\n",
    "\n",
    "while counter <= 5:\n",
    "    print(counter)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "37c5263e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Bug 2: The Range Confusion\n",
    "\n",
    "This code should print even numbers from 2 to 10.\n",
    "\n",
    "**Expected Output:**\n",
    "```\n",
    "2\n",
    "4\n",
    "6\n",
    "8\n",
    "10\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "a80eac78",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Bug 2: Fix the code below\n",
    "\n",
    "for i in range(2, 10):\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "f385db24",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Bug 3: The Grade Classifier\n",
    "\n",
    "This code should classify grades scores according to:\n",
    "- A: 90-100\n",
    "- B: 80-89\n",
    "- C: 70-79\n",
    "- D: 60-69\n",
    "- F: below 60\n",
    "\n",
    "For `score = 85`:\n",
    "\n",
    "**Expected Output:** `Score: 85, Grade: B`\n",
    "\n",
    "**Current (Wrong) Output:** `Score: 85, Grade: F`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "dc024ddc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Bug 3: Fix the code below\n",
    "\n",
    "score = 85\n",
    "\n",
    "if score >= 90:\n",
    "    grade = 'A'\n",
    "if score >= 80:\n",
    "    grade = 'B'\n",
    "if score >= 70:\n",
    "    grade = 'C'\n",
    "if score >= 60:\n",
    "    grade = 'D'\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    grade = 'F'\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f\"Score: {score}, Grade: {grade}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "2194a85b",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "## __Reflection Questions__\n",
    "\n",
    "After completing the challenges, answer these questions:\n",
    "\n",
    "1. Which problem required the most nested loops? How did you keep track of the logic?\n",
    "2. How did you decide when to use a `for` loop vs a `while` loop?\n",
    "3. What was the most challenging aspect of combining loops and conditionals?\n",
    "4. Did you use `break` or `continue` statements? If so, where and why?\n",
    "5. What debugging strategies did you use when your loops weren't working as expected?\n",
    "\n",
    "**Write your answers in the markdown cell below:**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "91b74fca",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Your Reflections:\n",
    "\n",
    "1. \n",
    "\n",
    "2. \n",
    "\n",
    "3. \n",
    "\n",
    "4. \n",
    "\n",
    "5. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "243af547",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "## Congratulations!\n",
    "\n",
    "You've completed the Lesson 05 Loops and Conditionals Challenge! You've practiced:\n",
    "- Using conditional statements to validate data\n",
    "- Creating patterns with nested loops\n",
    "- Implementing algorithms with loops and conditionals\n",
    "- Building interactive programs with user input\n",
    "- Combining multiple programming concepts\n",
    "\n",
    "Keep practicing!"
   ]
  }
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